DTC Prescription Drug Ad Articles in Medical Journals

Why the leap from zero articles in 1996 to 45 articles just 10 years later in 2005? In Aug. 1997, the FDA issued a draft copy of “Guidance for Industry: Consumer-Directed Broadcast Advertisements” (25KB) that opened the broadcast market to DTC prescription drug ads. After a review period, the final guidance was issued in Aug. 1999. With more DTC prescription drug ads on TV and radio as a result of the guidance, there were more ads to study, resulting in more articles about DTC prescription drug ads.

2. K. Amber, L. Brooks, and T. Ference, “Direct to Consumer Advertising’s Effect on Medical Students: The Case of Fibromyalgia,” Medical Teacher, Nov. 2013

3. J. Arney and B. Lewin, “Models of Physician-Patient Relationships in Pharmaceutical Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Consumer Interviews,” Qualitative Health Research, July 2013

4. J. Arney, R.L. Street Jr, and A.D. Naik, “Consumers’ Various and Surprising Responses to Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements in Magazine Print,” Journal of Patient Preference and Adherence, 2013

5. D.G. Arnold and J.L. Oakley, “The Politics and Strategy of Industry Self-Regulation: The Pharmaceutical Industry’s Principles for Ethical Direct-to-Consumer Advertising as a Deceptive Blocking Strategy,” Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, June 2013

6. S. Byrne, J. Niederdeppe, R.J. Avery, and J. Cantor, “‘When Diet and Exercise Are Not Enough’: An Examination of Lifestyle Change Inefficacy Claims in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Health Communication, 2013

7. M. Delbaere, “Metaphors and Myths in Pharmaceutical Advertising,” Social Science & Medicine, Apr. 2013

8. “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: European Commission Persists in Putting Industry’s Interests First,” Prescrire International, Jan. 2013

9. A.E. Faerber and D.H. Kreling, “Content Analysis of False and Misleading Claims in Television Advertising for Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs,” Journal of General Internal Medicine, Sep. 13, 2013

10. J. Gooblar and B.D. Carpenter, “Print Advertisements for Alzheimer’s Disease Drugs: Informational and Transformational Features,” American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, June 2013

11. A.R. Harrington, S.P. Desselle, D.A. Apgar, E. Hesselbacher, A. Pié, A. Quesnel, and T.L. Warholak, “Pharmacy Students’ Opinions of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: A Pilot Study at One University,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, July-Aug. 2013

12. J. Huh, D.E. Delorme, L.N. Reid, and J. Kim, “Korean Americans’ Prescription Drug Information Seeking and Evaluation and Use of Different Information Sources,” Journal of Health Communication, 2013

13. J. Huh and W. Shin, “Trust in Prescription Drug Brand Websites: Website Trust Cues, Attitude toward the Website, and Behavioral Intentions,” Journal of Health Communication, Oct. 4, 2013

14. E. Kamenica, R. Naclerio, and A. Malani, “Advertisements Impact the Physiological Efficacy of a Branded Drug,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Aug. 6, 2013

15. H. Kang and S. An, “How Direct-to-Consumer Drug Websites Convey Disease Information: Analysis of Stigma-Reducing Components,” Journal of Health Communication, Sep. 9, 2013

16. R. Kornfield, J. Donohue, E.R. Berndt, and G.C. Alexander, “Promotion of Prescription Drugs to Consumers and Providers, 2001-2010,” PLoS One, 2013

17. T.K. Mackey and B.A. Liang, “Global Reach of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Using Social Media for Illicit Online Drug Sales,” Journal of Medical Internet Research, May 29, 2013

18. T.K. Mackey and B.A. Liang, “Pharmaceutical Digital Marketing and Governance: Illicit Actors and Challenges to Global Patient Safety and Public Health,” Global Health, Oct. 16, 2013

19. T.K. Mackey, N. Yagi, and B.A. Liang, “Prescription Drug Coupons: Evolution and Need for Regulation in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Oct. 10, 2013

20. J. Niederdeppe, S. Byrne, R.J. Avery, and J. Cantor, “Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertising Exposure, Diagnosis with High Cholesterol, and Statin Use,” Journal of General Internal Medicine, July 2013

21. J.S. Park and M.G. Hoy, “But It’s Doctor Recommended and I Read the Fine Print: Antecedents to Drug Companies’ Perceived Credibility,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2013

22. J.S. Park, I. Ju, and K.E. Kim, “Direct-to-Consumer Antidepressant Advertising and Consumers’ Optimistic Bias about the Future Risk of Depression: The Moderating Role of Advertising Skepticism,” Health Communication, June 21, 2013

23. J.S. Ross and R.L. Kravitz, “Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertising: Time to Turn off the Tube?,” Journal of General Internal Medicine, July 2013

24. C.A. Womack, “Ethical and Epistemic Issues in Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising: Where Is Patient Agency?,” Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy, May 2013

2. J. Arney, R.L. Street Jr, and A.D. Naik, “Factors Shaping Physicians’ Willingness to Accommodate Medication Requests,” Evaluation & the Health Professions, Dec. 11, 2012

3. R.J. Avery, M. Eisenberg, and K.I. Simon, “Fair Balance in Direct-to-Consumer Antidepressant Print and Television Advertising, 1995-2007,” Journal of Health Communication, 2012

4. R.J. Avery, M.D. Eisenberg, and K.I. Simon, “The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Television and Magazine Advertising on Antidepressant Use,” Journal of Health Economics, Sep. 2012

5. N.S. Bhutada, A.M. Menon, A.D Deshpande, and M. Perri 3rd, “Impact of Celebrity Pitch in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2012

6. E. Brooks and R. Geyer, “From DTCA-PD to Patient Information to Health Information: The Complex Politics and Semantics of EU Health Policy,” Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, Dec. 2012

7. D. Du, J. Goldsmith, K.J. Aikin, W.E Encinosa, and C. Nardinelli, “Despite 2007 Law Requiring FDA Hotline to Be Included in Print Drug Ads, Reporting of Adverse Events by Consumers Still Low,” Health Affairs, May 2012

8. D. Egilman and N.M. Druar, “Spin Your Science into Gold: Direct to Consumer Marketing within Social Media Platforms,” Work, 2012

9. J.A. Greene, N.K. Choudhry, A.S. Kesselheim, T.A. Brennan, and W. Shrank. “Changes in Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising following Shifts from Prescription-Only to over-the-Counter Status,” JAMA, Sep. 12, 2012

10. N.P. Greenslit and T.J. Kaptchuk, “Antidepressants and Advertising: Psychopharmaceuticals in Crisis,” Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Mar. 2012

11. B.A. Mintzes, “Advertising of Prescription-Only Medicines to the Public: Does Evidence of Benefit Counterbalance Harm?,” Annual Review of Public Health, Apr. 2012

12. R.L. Norris, R.L. Bailey, P.D. Bolls K.R. Wise, “Effects of Emotional Tone and Visual Complexity on Processing Health Information in Prescription Drug Advertising,” Health Communication, 2012

13. M.E. Rezaee, C.A. Manneh, A.M. Graver, O.J. Mechanic, D.A. Fehmie, A. Lobb, “Global Reach of Online Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising,” American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Jan. 15, 2012

14. W.H. Tsai, and A.R. Lancaster, “Message Strategies in Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising: A Content Analysis Using Taylor’s Six-Segment Message Strategy Wheel,” Health Marketing Quarterly, Apr. 2012

15. B. Williams, “Direct to Consumer,” Pharmaco, Apr. 2012

2. S. An and H. Kang, Stigma-reducing Components in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Ads: Onset Controllability, Offset Controllability, and Recategorization, Health Communication, July-Aug. 2011

3. S. An and N. Muturi, “Subjective Health Literacy and Older Adults’ Assessment of Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Ads,” Journal of Health Communication, 2011

4. J.G. Ball, D. Manika, and P. Stout, “Consumers Young and Old: Segmenting the Target Markets for Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising,” Health Marketing Quarterly, Oct. 2011

5. “Control of Drug Advertising in France: Opaque and Ineffective,” Prescrire International, June 2011

6. N.J. Dieringer, L. Kukkamma, G.W. Somes, and R.I. Shorr, “Self-Reported Responsiveness to Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising and Medication Use: Results of a National Survey,” BMC Health Services Research, Sep. 23, 2011

7. M. Ebeling, “‘Get with the Program!’: Pharmaceutical Marketing, Symptom Checklists and Self-Diagnosis,” Social Science & Medicine, Sep. 2011

8. D.L. Frosch, S.G. May C. Tietbohl, and J.A. Pagán, “Living in the ‘Land of No’? Consumer Perceptions of Healthy Lifestyle Portrayals in Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements of Prescription Drugs,” Social Science & Medicine, Oct. 2011

9. J.L. Grenard V. Uy, J.A. Pagán, and D.L. Frosch, “Seniors’ Perceptions of Prescription Drug Advertisements: A Pilot Study of the Potential Impact on Informed Decision Making,” Patient Education and Counseling, Oct. 2011

10. P. Khosla and A. Khosla, “Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs on Internet: A Boon or a Curse,” Indian Journal of Pharmacology, July 2011

11. E. Z. Kontos and K. Viswanath, “Cancer-Related Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: A Critical Review,” Nature Reviews Cancer, Feb. 2011

12. E. Krezmien, M.B. Wanzer, T. Servoss, and S. LaBelle, “The Role of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertisements and Individual Differences in Getting People to Talk to Physicians,” Journal of Health Communication, Sep. 2011

13. A.E. Leader, R. Cashman, C.D. Voytek, J.L. Baker, B.M. Brawner, and I. Frank, “An Exploratory Study of Adolescent Female Reactions to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: The Case of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine.” Health Marketing Quarterly, Oct. 2011

14. B.A. Liang and T. Mackey, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising with Interactive Internet Media: Global Regulation and Public Health Issues,” JAMA, Feb. 23, 2011

15. B.A. Liang and T. Mackey, “Reforming Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Nature Biotechnology, May 2011

16. B.A. Liang and T. Mackey, “Prevalence and Global Health Implications of Social Media in Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising,” Journal of Medical Internet Research, Aug. 31, 2011

17. Y. Liu, K.B. Farris, and W.R. Doucette, “Factors Affecting Osteoarthritis Patients’ Self-Reported Goal-Directed Drug Information-Seeking Behaviors after Exposure to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising from Physicians and the Internet,” Hospital Practice, Oct. 2011

18. M. Mackert,” Health Literacy Knowledge among Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising Professionals,” Health Communication, Sep. 2011

19. M. Mackert and B. Love, “Educational Content and Health Literacy Issues in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceuticals,” Health Marketing Quarterly, July-Sep. 2011

20. L. Mulligan, “You Can’t Say That on Television: Constitutional Analysis of a Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising Ban,” American Journal of Law & Medicine, 2011

21. G.K. Perez, D.G. Cruess, S. Cruess, M. Brewer, J. Stroop, R. Schwartz, and R. Greenstein, “Attitudes toward Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements and Online Genetic Testing among High-Risk Women Participating in a Hereditary Cancer Clinic,” Journal of Health Communication, July 2011

22. B.L. Rollins, K. King, G. Zinkhan, and M. Perri, “Nonbranded or Branded Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising-Which Is More Effective?,” Health Marketing Quarterly, Jan. 2011

23. H.S. Suh, D. Lee, S.Y. Kim, D.H. Chee, and H.Y. Kang, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) for Prescription Drugs: Consumers’ Attitudes and Preferences Concerning Its Regulation in South Korea,” Health Policy, Aug. 2011

24. L.D. Taylor, R.A. Bell, and R.L. Kravitz, “Third-Person Effects and Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements for Antidepressants,” Depression and Anxiety, Feb. 2011

25. C.L. Ventola, “Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising: Therapeutic or Toxic?,” Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Oct. 2011

2. R.F. Beltramini, “DTC Advertising’s Programmatic Research and Its Effect on Health Communication,” Health Communication, Sep. 2010

3. D.E. Delorme, J. Huh, and L.N. Reid, “Evaluation, Use, and Usefulness of Prescription Drug Information Sources among Anglo and Hispanic Americans,” Journal of Health Communication, Jan. 2010

4. “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: The European Commission’s Plan,” Prescrire International, June 2010

5. C. Folsom, S.F. Fesperman, B. Tojuola, S. Sultan, and P. Dahm, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising for Urological Pharmaceuticals: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Print Media,” Urology, May 2010

6. D.L. Frosch and D. Grande, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” LDI Issue Brief, Mar.- Apr. 2010

7. D.L. Frosch, D. Grande D, D.M. Tarn, and R.L. Kravitz, “A Decade of Controversy: Balancing Policy with Evidence in the Regulation of Prescription Drug Advertising,” American Journal of Public Health, Jan. 2010

8. M.C. Gerald, “The Rise and Fall of Celebrity Promotion of Prescription Products in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Pharmacy in History, 2010

9. J.A. Greene and D. Herzberg, “Hidden in Plain Sight Marketing Prescription Drugs to Consumers in the Twentieth Century,” American Journal of Public Health, May 2010

10. F.J. Haddy, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society, Summer 2010

11. R. A. Hansen, S.Y. Chen, B.N. Gaynes, and M.L. Maciejewski, “Relationship of Pharmaceutical Promotion to Antidepressant Switching and Adherence: A Retrospective Cohort Study,” Psychiatric Services, Dec. 2010

12. J. Huh, D.E. DeLorme, L.N. Reid, and S. An, “Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising: History, Regulation, and Issues,” Minnesota Medicine, Mar. 2010

13. A. Koch-Laking, M.K. Park, and E. Tweed, “Clinical Inquiries: Does DTC Advertising Affect Physician Prescribing Habits?,” Journal of Family Practice, Nov. 22, 2010

14. B.M. Kuehn, “FDA Weighs Limits for Online Ads,” JAMA, Jan. 27, 2010

15. A.L. Lee, “The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising Research-A Diffusion of Policy Analysis,” Health Communication, Sep. 2010

16. A.L. Lee, “Who Are the Opinion Leaders? The Physicians, Pharmacists, Patients, and Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising,” Journal of Health Communication, Sep. 2010

17. D. Lee and C.E. Begley, “Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Response to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, July 2010

18. K.M. O’Hara, “Is Banning Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Consistent with Bioethical Principles?,” Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, Aug. 2010

19. M. Poser, “DTCA of Prescription Medicines in the European Union: Is There Still a Need for a Ban?,” European Journal of Health Law, Dec. 2010

20. Y. Yang, D.R. Gourley, G.A. Gourley, R.J. Faris, R.J. Womeodu, J. Yang, and C.C. Likens, “African American Patients’ Attitudes toward Proactive Health Behaviors after Exposure to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Journal of the National Medical Association, May 2010

2. S. An, H.S. Jin, and J.D. Brown, “Direct-to-Consumer Antidepressant Ads and Young Adults’ Beliefs about Depression,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2009

3. A. Atherly and P.H. Rubin, “The Cost-Effectiveness of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising for Prescription Drugs,” Medical Care Research and Review, Dec. 2009

4. J.G. Ball, A. Liang, and W.N. Lee, “Representation of African Americans in Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Commercials: A Content Analysis with Implications for Health Disparities,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2009

5. N.S. Bhutada, C.L. Cook, M. Perri 3rd, “Consumers Responses to Coupons in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2009

6. J.E. Blose and R.W. Mack, “The Impact of Denying a Direct-to-Consumer Advertised Drug Request on the Patient/Physician Relationship,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2009

7. S. Brown, “Striving for Quality Use of Medicines: How Effective Is Australia’s Ban on Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Medicine Advertising?,” Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics, Feb. 2009

8. L.M. Crawley, L. Hisaw, and J. Illes, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising in Black and White: Racial Differences in Placement Patterns of Print Advertisements for Health Products and Messages,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2009

9. D.E. DeLorme and J. Huh, “Seniors’ Uncertainty Management of Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising Usefulness,” Health Communication, Sep. 2009

10. D.E. DeLorme, J. Huh, and L.N. Reid, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Skepticism and the Use and Perceived Usefulness of Prescription Drug Information Sources,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2009

11. “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising under Fire,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Aug. 2009

12. S.D. Dorn, J.F. Farley, R.A. Hansen, N.D. Shah, and R.S. Sandler, “Direct-to-Consumer and Physician Promotion of Tegaserod Correlated with Physician Visits, Diagnoses, and Prescriptions,” Gastroenterology, Aug. 2009

13. J. Fogel and D. Novick, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements of Prescription Medications over the Internet,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2009

14. K.A. Karlowicz, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising for Erectile Dysfunction Drugs,” Urologic Nursing, July-Aug. 2009

15. N.M. Khanfar, H.H. Polen, and K.A. Clauson, “Influence on Consumer Behavior: The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Medication Requests for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Social Anxiety,” Journal of Health Communication, July-Aug. 2009

16. M.R. Law, S.B. Soumerai, A.S. Adams, and S.R. Majumdar, “Costs and Consequences of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising for Clopidogrel in Medicaid,” Archives of Internal Medicine, Nov. 2009

17. A.L. Lee, “Changing Effects of Direct-to-Consumer Broadcast Drug Advertising Information Sources on Prescription Drug Requests,” Health Communication, June 2009

18. Y. Limbu and I.M. Torres, “The Effects of Involvement and Ad Type on Attitudes toward Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” Journal of Health and Human Services, Summer 2009

19. P. Lurie, “DTC Advertising Harms Patients and Should Be Tightly Regulated,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Fall 2009

20. L.S. Martinez and N. Lewis, “The Role of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising in Shaping Public Opinion Surrounding Prescription Drug Use to Treat Depression or Anxiety in Youth,” Journal of Health Communication, Apr.-May 2009

21. B. Mintzes, “Should Canada Allow Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs?: No,” Canadian Family Physician, Feb. 2009

22. B. Mintzes and D. Mangin, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medicines: A Counter Argument,” Future Medicinal Chemistry, Dec. 2009

23. B. Mintzes, S. Morgan, and J.M. Wright, “Twelve Years’ Experience with Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs in Canada: A Cautionary Tale,” PLoS One, May 27, 2009

24. B. Parnes, P.C. Smith, C. Gilroy, J. Quintela, C.B. Emsermann, L.M. Dickinson, and J.M. Westfall, “Lack of Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on the Physician-Patient Encounter in Primary Care: A SNOCAP Report,” Annals of Family Medicine, Jan. 2009

25. H.H. Polen, N.M. Khanfar, and K.A. Clauson, “Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) on Patient Health-Related Behaviors and Issues,” Health Marketing Quarterly, Jan.-Mar. 2009

26. L.S. Silver, R.E. Stevens, and D. Loudon, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceuticals: Concepts, Issues, and Research,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2009

27. A.I. Vitry, “Does Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising Do More Harm Than Good?,” Annals of Internal Medicine, Dec. 1, 2009

28. E. Wakeam, “Price Check! An Analysis of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Marketing,” Academic Medicine, Feb. 2009

29. D. Wong-Rieger, “Should Canada Allow Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs?: Yes,” Canadian Family Physician, Feb. 2009

2. S. An, “Antidepressant Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Social Perception of the Prevalence of Depression: Application of the Availability Heuristic,” Health Communication, Nov. 2008

3. R.J. Avery, D. Kenkel, D.R. Lillard, A. Mathios, and H. Wang, “Health Disparities and Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceutical Products,” Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research, 2008

4. P. Conrad and V. Leiter, “From Lydia Pinkham to Queen Levitra: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Medicalization,” Sociology of Health & Illness, Sep. 2008

5. N. Dens, L.C. Eagle, and P. De Pelsmacker, “Attitudes and Self-Reported Behavior of Patients, Doctors, and Pharmacists in New Zealand and Belgium toward Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Medication,” Health Communication, Jan.-Feb. 2008

6. “Direct-to-Consumer Cdvertising under a Different Name,” Lancet, June 14, 2008

7. A.N. Glaser, “Direct to Consumer Advertising: Include Cost of Treatment,” BMJ, Apr. 12, 2008

8. D.V. Hall and S.C. Jones, “Australian Consumer Responses to DTCA and Other Pharmaceutical Company Sponsored Advertisements,” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, Oct. 2008

9. H. Hartley and C.L. Coleman, “News Media Coverage of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising: Implications for Countervailing Powers Theory,” Health (London), Jan. 2008

10. P.C. Hébert, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: End the Compromise,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, July 15, 2008

11. M.K. Huertas and M.C. Campomar, [Rational and emotional appeals in prescription drug advertising: study of a weight loss drug], Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, Apr. 2008

12. J. Jureidini, B. Mintzes, and M. Raven, “Does Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Antidepressants Lead to a Net Social Benefit?,” Pharmacoeconomics, 2008

13. R.H. Kon, M.W. Russo, B. Ory, P. Mendys, R.J. Simpson Jr, “Misperception among Physicians and Patients Regarding the Risks and Benefits of Statin Treatment: The Potential Role of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Journal of Clinical Lipidology, Feb. 2008

14. M.R. Law, S.R. Majumdar, and S.B. Soumerai, “Effect of Illicit Direct to Consumer Advertising on Use of Etanercept, Mometasone, and Tegaserod in Canada: Controlled Longitudinal Study,” BMJ, Sep. 2, 2008

15. Y. Liu and W.R. Doucette, “Does Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Affect Patients’ Choice of Pain Medications?,” Current Pain and Headache Reports, Apr. 2008

16. M. Gagnon and J. Lexchin, “The Cost of Pushing Pills: A New Estimate of Pharmaceutical Promotion Expenditures in the United States,” Public Library of Science Medicine, Jan. 3, 2008

17. C. Medawar, “Direct to Consumer Advertising: A Cynical Consultation Exercise?,” BMJ, Apr. 12, 2008

18. B. Mintzes, “Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” BMJ, Sep. 2, 2008

19. I.D. Montoya, G. Lee-Dukes, and D. Shah, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: Its Effects on Stakeholders,” Journal of Allied Health, Summer 2008

20. E. Norey, T.M. Simone, and S.A. Mousa, “The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertised Drugs on Drug Sales in the US and New Zealand,” Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 2008

21. S. Rubinelli, K. Nakamoto, and P.J. Schulz, “The Rabbit in the Hat: Dubious Argumentation and the Persuasive Effects of Prescription Drug Advertising (DTCA),” Communication & Medicine, 2008

22. K. Sheehan, “Consumer Friendly or Reader Hostile? An Evaluation of the Readability of DTC Print Ads,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2008

23. A. Silversides, “Abramson: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Will Erode Health Care,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Apr. 22, 2008

24. R. Smardon, “‘I’d Rather Not Take Prozac’: Stigma and Commodification in Antidepressant Consumer Narratives,” Health (London), Jan. 2008

25. C.B. Sufrin and J.S. Ross, Pharmaceutical Industry Marketing: Understanding Its Impact on Women’s Health,” Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, Sep. 2008

26. W.G. Weppner and M.F. Hollon, “The Effects of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Statins on the Attainment of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goals,” Clinical Therapeutics, Jan. 2008

2. S. Adeoye and K.J. Bozic, “Direct to Consumer Advertising in Healthcare: History, Benefits, and Concerns,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Apr. 2007

3. S. An, “Attitude toward Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Drug Inquiry Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Knowledge,” Journal of Health Communication, Sep. 2007

4. J. Arney and A. Rafalovich, “Incomplete Syllogisms as Techniques of Medicalization: The Case of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising in Popular Magazines, 1997 to 2003,” Qualitative Health Research, Jan. 2007

5. A.E. Block, “Costs and Benefits of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: The Case of Depression,” Pharmacoeconomics, 2007

6. K.J. Bozic, A.R. Smith, S. Hariri, S. Adeoye, J. Gourville, W.J. Maloney, B. Parsley, and H.E. Rubash, “The 2007 ABJS Marshall Urist Award: The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising in Orthopaedics,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, May 2007

7. J.E. Calfee, “An Assessment of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” Clinical Phamacology & Therapeutics, Oct. 2007

8. J. Davis, “The Effect of Qualifying Language on Perceptions of Drug Appeal, Drug Experience, and Estimates of Side-Effect Incidence in DTC Advertising,” Journal of Health Communication, Oct.-Nov. 2007

9. J.J. Davis, “Consumers’ Preferences for the Communication of Risk Information in Drug Advertising,” Health Affairs, May-June 2007

10. “The Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Genie,” Lancet, Jan. 6, 2007

11. J.M. Donohue, M. Cevasco, and M.B. Rosenthal, “A Decade of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” New England Journal of Medicine, Aug. 16, 2007

12. G. Feldman, “Direct-to-Consumer Marketing,” Orthopedics, Feb 2007

13. D.L. Frosch, P.M. Krueger, R.C. Hornik, P.F. Cronholm, and F.K. Barg, “Creating Demand for Prescription Drugs: A Content Analysis of Television Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Annals of Family Medicine, Jan.-Feb. 2007

14. Z.F. Gellad and K.W. Lyles, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceuticals,” American Journal of Medicine, June 2007

15. M. Harker and D. Harker, “Direct-to-Consumer-Advertising of Prescription Medicines: A Theoretical Approach to Understanding,” Leadership in Health Services, 2007

16. J. Hoek and N. Maubach, “Consumers’ Knowledge, Perceptions, and Responsiveness to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medicines,” New Zealand Medical Journal, Feb. 16, 2007

17. J.V. Howell, “Direct to Consumer Advertisement: The World of the Marketplace,” BMJ, Oct. 6, 2007

18. N. Jalnawala and N.E. Wilkin, “The Effect of DTC Advertisement Content on Belief Tenacity: A Study of Appeals and Argument Types,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Mar. 2007

19. A. Kallen, S. Woloshin, J. Shu J, E. Juhl, and L. Schwartz, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements for HIV Antiretroviral Medications: A Progress Report,” Health Affairs, Sep.-Oct. 2007

20. R. Kellerman and American Academy of Family Physicians, “AAFP Supports Improvement, Not Ban, on Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Ads,” Annals of Family Medicine, Mar.-Apr. 2007

21. D.A. Kessler and D.A. Levy, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: Is It Too Late to Manage the Risks?,” Annals of Family Medicine, Jan.-Feb. 2007

22. N. Khanfar, D. Loudon, and F. Sircar-Ramsewak, “FDA Direct-to-Consumer Advertising for Prescription Drugs: What Are Consumer Preferences and Response Tendencies?,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2007

23. R.L. Kravitz and R.A. Bell, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: Balancing Benefits and Risks, and a Way Forward,” Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Oct. 2007

24. D. Lorence and R. Churchill, “A Study of the Web as DTC Drug Marketing Agent,” Journal of Medical Systems, Dec. 2007

25. W. Macias, K. Pashupati, and L.S. Lewis, “A Wonderful Life or Diarrhea and Dry Mouth? Policy Issues of Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising on Television,” Health Communication, 2007

26. F.J. Mackenzie, C.F. Jordens, R.A. Ankeny, J. McPhee, and I.H. Kerridge, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising under the Radar: The Need for Realistic Drugs Policy in Australia,” Internal Medicine Journal, Apr. 2007

27. N. Magrini and M. Font, “Direct to Consumer Advertising of Drugs in Europe,” BMJ, Sep. 15, 2007

28. T. Mastin, J.L. Andsager, J. Choi, and K. Lee, “Health Disparities and Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising: A Content Analysis of Targeted Magazine Genres, 1992-2002,” Health Communication, 2007

29. J.M. Metzel, “If Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements Come to Europe: Lessons from the USA,” Lancet, Feb. 24, 2007

30. S.G. Morgan, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Expenditures on Prescription Drugs: A Comparison of Experiences in the United States and Canada,” Open Med, Apr. 14, 2007

31. A.W. Morris Jr, S.L. Gadson, and V. Burroughs, “‘For the Good of the Patient,’ Survey of the Physicians of the National Medical Association Regarding Perceptions of DTC Advertising, Part II, 2006,” Journal of the National Medical Association, Mar. 2007

32. R.K. Naik, M.E. Borrego, G.V. Gupchup, M. Dodd, and M.R. Sather, “Pharmacy Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Evaluation of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Oct. 15, 2007

33. R. Nelson, “When Ads Trump Evidence: Is Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Leading Practice?,” American Journal of Nursing, Oct. 2007

34. J. Newland, “Direct-to-Consumer Ads Impact Practice,” Nurse Practitioners, Aug. 2007

35. S. Semin, S. Aras, and D. Guldal, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceuticals: Developed Countries Experiences and Turkey,” Health Expectations, Mar. 2007

36. K.C. Stange, “Time to Ban Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Marketing,” Annals of Family Medicine, Mar.-Apr. 2007

37. T. van Liero, “Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertisement in Europe,” Lancet, May 26, 2007

38. B. Vastag, “US Aims to Tighten Rules on Direct-to-Consumer Drug Ads,” Nature Biotechnology, Mar. 2007

39. A. Vitry, B. Mintzes, and J. Lexchin, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Policy in Australia: Realism in Whose Interests?,” Internal Medicine Journal, Sep. 2007

2. R.E. Booth Jr, “Truth in Advertising: The Ethical Limits of Direct-to-Consumer Marketing,” Orthopedics, Sep. 2006

3. W.D. Bradford, A.N. Kleit, P.J. Nietert, and S. Ornstein, “Effects of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors on Attainment of LDL-C Goals,” Clinical Therapeutics, Dec. 2006

4. W.D. Bradford, A.N. Kleit, P.J. Nietert, T. Steyer, T. McIlwain, and S. Ornstein, “How Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertising for Osteoarthritis Drugs Affects Physicians’ Prescribing Behavior,” Health Affairs, Sep.-Oct. 2006

5. K.R. Brekke and M. Kuhn M, “Direct to Consumer Advertising in Pharmaceutical Markets,” Journal of Health Economics, Jan. 2006

6. Canadian Health Services Research Foundation, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Is Educational for Patients,” Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, July 2006

7. B. Datti and M.W. Carter, “The Effect of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Prescription Drug Use by Older Adults,” Drugs & Aging, 2006

8. M. Delbaere and M.C. Smith, “Health Care Knowledge and Consumer Learning: The Case of Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2006

9. D.E. DeLorme, J. H uh, and L.N. Reid, “Age Differences in How Consumers Behave following Exposure to DTC Advertising,” Health Communication, 2006

10. J. Donohue, “A History of Drug Advertising: The Evolving Roles of Consumers and Consumer Protection,” Milbank Quarterly, 2006

11. W.J. Guglielmo, “DTC Drug Ads in the Spotlight,” Journal of Medical Economics, Sep. 2006

12. J.S. Hampl, S. Bramlett-Solomon, and C.M. Wharton, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medications: Do You See What the Public Sees?,” Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Dec. 2006

13. A. Hasman and S. Holm, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: Should There Be a Free Market in Healthcare Information?,” Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Winter 2006

14. K. Sheehan, “Consumer Friendly or Reader Hostile? An Evaluation of the Readability of DTC Print Ads,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2006

15. R.L. Kravitz and J. Halpern, “Direct-to-Consumer Drug Ads, Patient Autonomy, and the Responsible Exercise of Power,” Virtual Mentor, June 1, 2006

16. S.M. Mahon, “Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Healthcare Providers and Consumers,” Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, June 2006

17. M.B. Shah, J.P. Bentley, and D.J. McCaffrey 3rd, “Evaluations of Care by Adults Following a Denial of an Advertisement-Related Prescription Drug Request: The Role of Expectations, Symptom Severity, and Physician Communication Style,” Social Science & Medicine, Feb. 2006

18. R. Vaithianathan, “Better the Devil You Know than the Doctor You Don’t: Is Advertising Drugs to Doctors More Harmful Than Advertising to Patients?,” Journal of Health Services & Research Policy, Oct. 2006

2. R.G. Bunney, “Switching Prescription Drugs to Over the Counter: Over the Counter Licensing Is Linked to Direct to Consumer Advertising,” BMJ, Apr. 16, 2005

3. “Capitol Hill Panelists Want FDA Intervention in DTC Drug Advertising,” Medicine & Health, Oct. 10, 2005

4. A. Chandra and M. Miller, “A Closer Look at the Concept, Historical Overview, and Value of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” Hospital Topics, Fall 2005

5. M.H. Chin, “The Patient’s Role in Choice of Medications: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Patient Decision Aids,” Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics, Summer 2005

6. R.J. Cline and H.J. Young, “Direct-to-Consumer Print Ads for Drugs: Do They Undermine the Physician-Patient Relationship?,” Journal of Family Practice, Dec. 2005

7. T.J. Curry, J. Jarosch, and S. Pacholok, “Are Direct to Consumer Advertisments of Prescription Drugs Educational?: Comparing 1992 to 2002,” Journal of Drug Education, 2005

8. F.R. Curtiss, “Evidence-Based Medicine: United States, the Last Venue for Direct-to-Consumer Advertising, Props up the Erectile Dysfunction Market,” Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy, Mar. 2005

9. S.P. Desselle, “The Interaction of Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising and Stakeholders in the Medication Use Process,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

10. “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: Impact on Prescribing,” Child Health Alert, June 2005

11. D.T. Feinberg, “‘Daddy, What Is Erectile Dysfunction?’ Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Will Be Changing,” Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, Dec. 2005

12. S. Gilbody, P. Wilson, and I. Watt I, “Benefits and Harms of Direct to Consumer Advertising: A Systematic Review,” Quality & Safety in Health Care, Aug. 2005

13. L.H. Gilnert, “TV Commercials for Prescription Drugs: A Discourse Analytic Perspective,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

14. L.H. Glinert and J.C. Schommer, “Television Advertisement Format and the Provision of Risk Information about Prescription Drug Products,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

15. R.A. Hansen and M. Droege, “Methodological Challenges Surrounding Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Research–the A Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy Measurement Conundrum,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

16. R.A. Hansen, J.C. Schommer, R.R. Cline, R.S. Hadsall, S.W. Schondelmeyer, and J.A. Nyman JA, “The Association of Consumer Cost-Sharing and Direct-to-Consumer Advertising with Prescription Drug Use,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

17. R.A. Hansen, N.J. Shaheen, and J.C. Schommer, “Factors Influencing the Shift of Patients from One Proton Pump Inhibitor to Another: The Effect of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Clinical Therapeutics, Sep. 2005

18. M. Hochhauser, “Direct to Consumer Marketing: Advertising Directly to Consumers May Affect Patients’ Safety,” BMJ, Apr. 16, 2005

19. M.F. Hollon, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: A Haphazard Approach to Health Promotion,” JAMA, Apr. 27, 2005

20. J. Huh, D.E. DeLorme, and L.N. Reid, “Factors Affecting Trust in On-Line Prescription Drug Information and Impact of Trust on Behavior following Exposure to DTC Advertising,” Journal of Health Communication, Dec. 2005

21. C. Jordens and L. Anderson, “Should We Be Concerned about Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs?,” Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 2005

22. K.A. Kaphingst, R.E. Rudd, W. Dejong, and L.H. Daltroy, “Comprehension of Information in Three Direct-to-Consumer Television Prescription Drug Advertisements among Adults with Limited Literacy,” Journal of Health Communication, Oct.-Nov. 2005

23. R.L. Kravitz, R.M. Epstein, M.D. Feldman, C.E. Franz, R. Azari, M.S. Wilkes, L. Hinton, and P. Franks, “Influence of Patients’ Requests for Direct-to-Consumer Advertised Antidepressants: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” JAMA, Apr.27, 2005

24. J.R. Lacasse, “Consumer Advertising of Psychiatric Medications Biases the Public against Nonpharmacological Treatment,” Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, Fall-Winter 2005

25. Y. Lau, “Is Banning Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medicine Justified paternalism?,” Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 2005

26. E. Lenhardt, “Why So Glum? Toward a Fair Balance of Competitive Interests in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and the Well-Being of the Mentally Ill Consumers It Targets,” Health Matrix, Winter 2005

27. J. Lenzer, “FDA Investigates Direct to Consumer Adverts,” BMJ, Nov. 12, 2005

28. Y. Liu, W.R. Doucette, K.B. Farris, and D. Nayakankuppam, “Drug Information-Seeking Intention and Behavior after Exposure to Direct-to-Consumer Advertisement of Prescription Drugs,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

29. W. Macias and L. Stavchansky Lewis, “How Well Do Direct-to-Consumer, DTC, Prescription Drug Web Sites Meet FDA Guidelines and Public Policy Concerns?,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2005

30. P.R. Mansfield, B. Mintzes, D. Richards, and L. Toop, “Direct to Consumer Advertising,” BMJ, Jan. 1, 2005

31. N. Maubach and J. Hoek, “New Zealand General Practitioners’ Views on Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medicines: A Qualitative Analysis,” New Zealand Medical Journal, May 20, 2005

32. F.G. Miller and D. Wendler, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Physician Prescribing,” JAMA, Aug. 10, 2005

33. B. Mintzes, M. Barer, J. Lexchin, and K.L. Bassett, “Introduction of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs in Canada: An Opinion Survey on Regulatory Policy,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

34. “New DTC Guidelines Please Drug Companies, Anger Critics,” Medicine & Health, Aug. 8, 2005

35. R.S. Parker and C.E. Pettijohn, “Pharmaceutical Drug Marketing Strategies and Tactics: A Comparative Analysis of Attitudes Held by Pharmaceutical Representatives and Physicians,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2005

36. J.C. Schommer, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising for Prescription Drugs,” Minnesota Medicine, Mar. 2005

37. J.C. Schommer and R.A. Hansen, “The Study of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising for Prescription Drugs,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

38. J.C. Schommer, R.L. Singh, and R.A. Hansen, “Distinguishing Characteristics of Patients Who Seek More Information or Request a Prescription in Response to Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

39. S.S. Sewak, N.E. Wilkin, J.P. Bentley, and M.C. Smith, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising via the Internet: The Role of Web Site Design,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

40. M.B. Shah, J.P. Bentley, D.J. McCaffrey 3rd, and E.M. Kolassa, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and the Patient-Physician Relationship,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

41. M. Sipkoff, “Direct-to-Consumer Ads Garner Mixed Outcomes,” Managed Care, Mar. 2005

42. M.M. Spence, S.S. Teleki, T.C. Cheetham, S.O. Schweitzer, and M. Millares, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of COX-2 Inhibitors: Effect on Appropriateness of Prescribing,” Medical Care Research and Review, Oct. 2005

43. B. Vastag, “FDA Considers Tightening Regulations for Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Dec. 21, 2005

44. D. Young, “FDA Revisits DTC Advertising,” American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Dec. 2005

45. H.N. Young, E.E. Lipowski, and R.J. Cline, “Using Social Cognitive Theory to Explain Consumers’ Behavioral Intentions in Response to Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, June 2005

2. B.R. Bates, K. Poirot, T.M. Harris, C.M. Condit, and P.J. Achter, “Evaluating Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Race-Based Pharmacogenomics: A Focus Group Study of Public Understandings of Applied Genomic Medication,” Journal of Health Communication, Nov.-Dec. 2004

3. R. Baukus, “DTC Advertising,” Journal of Health and Communication, Nov.-Dec. 2004

4. B.M. Bellard, “My Stand against DTC Ads,” Journal of Medical Economics, Feb. 20, 2004

5. E.D. Brownfield, J.M. Bernhardt, J.L Phan, M.V. Williams, and R.M. Parker, “Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertisements on Network Television: An Exploration of Quantity, Frequency, and Placement,” Journal of Health Communication, Nov.-Dec. 2004

6. B. Burton, “Drug Industry to Fight New Zealand’s Move to Ban Direct to Consumer Advertising,” BMJ, May 1, 2004

7. A. Deshpande, A. Menon, M. Perri 3rd, and G. Zinkhan, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Its Utility in Health Care Decision Making: A Consumer Perspective,” Journal of Health Communication, Nov.-Dec. 2004

8. J.M. Donohue, E.R. Berndt, M. Rosenthal, A.M. Epstein, and R.G. Frank, “Effects of Pharmaceutical Promotion on Adherence to the Treatment Guidelines for Depression,” Medical Care, Dec. 2004

9. A.M. Fabius, K.C. Cheung, C.J. Rijcken, C.H. Vinkers, and H. Talsma H, “Direct-to-Consumer Communication on Prescription Only Medicines via the Internet in the Netherlands, a Pilot Study Opinion of the Pharmaceutical Industry, Patient Associations and Support Groups,” Pharmacy World & Science, June 2004

10. S. Gilbody, P. Wilson, and I. Watt, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Psychotropics: An Emerging and Evolving Form of Pharmaceutical Company Influence,” British Journal of Psychiatry, July 2004

11. J.R. Graham, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Mar. 2, 2004

12. M.F. Hollon, “Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Prescription Drugs: A Current Perspective for Neurologists and Psychiatrists,” CNS Drugs, 2004

13. J. Huh and Cude, “Is the Information ‘Fair and Balanced’ in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Websites?,” Journal of Health Communication, Nov.-Dec. 2004

14. J. Huh, D.E. DeLorme, and L.N. Reid, “Media Credibility and Informativeness of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising,” Health Marketing Quarterly, 2004

15. J.M. Jeffords, “Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising: You Get What You Pay For,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2004

16. K.A. Kaphingst and W. DeJong, “The Educational Potential of Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising,” Health Affairs, July-Aug. 2004

17. K.A. Kaphingst, W. DeJong, R.E. Rudd, and L.H. Daltroy, “A Content Analysis of Direct-to-Consumer Television Prescription Drug Advertisements,” Journal of Health Communication, Nov.-Dec. 2004

18. K.A. Kaphingst, R.E. Rudd, W. DeJong, and L.H. Daltroy, “Literacy Demands of Product Information Intended to Supplement Television Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertisements,” Patient Education and Counseling, Nov. 2004

19. P. Kelly, “DTC Advertising’s Benefits Far Outweigh Its Imperfections,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2004

20. M. Lacroix, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Mar. 2, 2004

21. E. Murray, B. Lo, L. Pollack, K. Donelan, and K. Lee, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: Public Perceptions of Its Effects on Health Behaviors, Health Care, and the Doctor-Patient Relationship,” Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, Jan.-Feb. 2004

22. P.J. Pitts, “Turning Point or Tipping Point: New FDA Draft Guidances and the Future of DTC Advertising,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2004

23. K. Rabin, “DTC Advertising for Prescription Medicines: Research and Reflections as the Second Decade Ends,” Journal of Health Communications, Nov.-Dec. 2004

24. D.L. Riggs, S.M. Holdsworth, D.R. McAvoy, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: Developing Evidence-Based Policy to Improve Retention and Comprehension,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2004

25. A.R. Robinson, K.B. Hohmann, J.I. Rifkin, D. Topp, C.M. Gilroy, J.A. Pickard, and R.J. Anderson, “Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising: Physician and Public Opinion and Potential Effects on the Physician-Patient Relationship,” Archives of Internal Medicine, Feb. 23, 2004

26. M. Rosenthal, “Comment: The Economics of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription-Only Drugs: Prescribed to Improve Consumer Welfare?,” Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, Jan. 2004

27. N. Sumpradit, F.J. Ascione, and R.P. Bagozzi, “A Cross-Media Content Analysis of Motivational Themes in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising,” Clinical Therapeutics, Jan. 2004

28. H. Toivianen, L. Vuorenkoski, and E. Hemminki, “Finnish Physicians Show Little Support for Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” New Zealand Medical Journal, June 4, 2004

29. L. Toop and D. Richards, “Physicians’ Negative Views of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA): The International Evidence Grows,” New Zealand Medical Journal, June 4, 2004

30. P.H. Viale and D. Sanchez Yamamoto, “The Attitudes and Beliefs of Oncology Nurse Practitioners Regarding Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medications,” Oncology Nursing Forum, July 13, 2004

31. K.E. Waack, M.E. Ernst, and M.A. Graber, “Informational Content of Official Pharmaceutical Industry Web sites about Treatments for Erectile Dysfunction,” Annals of Phamacotherapy, Dec. 2004

32. H.A. Waxman, “Ensuring that Consumers Receive Appropriate Information from Drug Ads: What Is the FDA’s Role?,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2004

33. J.S. Weissman, D. Blumenthal, A.J. Silk, M. Newman, K. Zapert, R. Leitman, and S. Feibelmann, “Physicians Report on Patient Encounters Involving Direct-to-Consumer Advertising, Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2004

34. R.J. Welch Cline and H.N. Young, “Marketing Drugs, Marketing Health Care Relationships: A Content Analysis of Visual Cues in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising,” Health Communication, 2004

35. S. Woloshin, L.M. Schwartz, and H.G. Welch, “The Value of Benefit Data in Direct-to-Consumer Drug Ads,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2004

2. S. Allison-Ottey, K. Ruffin, K. Allison K, and C.C. Ottey, “Assessing the Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements on the AA Patient: A Multisite Survey of Patients during the Office Visit,” Journal of the National Medical Association, Feb. 2003

3. J. Avorn, “Advertising and Prescription Drugs: Promotion, Education, and the Public’s Health,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2003

4. T. Bodenheimer, “Two Advertisements for TV Drug Ads,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2003

5. J.E. Calfee, “What Do We Know about Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs?,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2003

6. A. Cassels, “Europe Rejects Pitch for Direct-to-Consumer Drug Ads,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Jan. 21, 2003

7. G.W. Evans and A.I. Friede, “Liability for Adverse Events in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” JAMA, May 28, 2003

8. J.M. Farrell, “The Ethical Implications of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising,” Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly, Summer 2003

9. M.T. Gahart, L.M. Duhamel, A. Dievler, and R. Price, “Examining the FDA’s Oversight of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2003

10. D.M. Gardner, B. Mintzes, and A. Ostry, “Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising in Canada: Permission by Default?,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Sep. 2, 2003

11. J.L. Gold, “Paternalistic or Protective? Freedom of Expression and Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising Policy in Canada,” Health Law Review, 2003

12. T.S. Hall, “The Promise and Peril of Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Promotion on the Internet,” DePaul Journal of Health Care Law, Fall 2003

13. J.R. Hoffman and R.J. Cooper, “Efforts to Ban Direct-to-Consumer Advertising in New Zealand: A Call to Action,” British Journal of General Practice, Apr. 2003

14. M.F. Hollon, E.B. Larson, T.D. Koepsell, and A.E. Downer, “Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Osteoporosis Drugs and Bone Densitometry,” Annals of Pharmacotherapy, July-Aug. 2003

15. P.E. Kalb, K.O. Dunlop, D.C. McEnroe, and S.D. Stein, “Direct-to-Consumer Marketing: the Food and Drug Administration Is Not Alone,” Food and Drug Law Journal, 2003

16. Z. Kmietowicz, “New Zealand GPs Call for End to Direct to Consumer Advertising,” BMJ, June 14, 2003

17. C. Lewis, “The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” FDA Consumer Updates, Mar.-Apr. 2003

18. J. Ma, R.S. Stafford, I.M. Cockburn, and S.N. Finkelstein, “A Statistical Analysis of the Magnitude and Composition of Drug Promotion in the United States in 1998,” Clinical Therapeutics, May 2003

19. P.R. Mansfield and B. Mintzes, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Is More Profitable if It Is Misleading,” New Zealand Medical Journal, Sep. 26, 2003

20. J.H. Marks, “The Price of Seduction: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs in the US,” North Carolina Medical Journal, Nov.-Dec. 2003

21. M.M. Mello, M. Rosenthal, and P.J. Neumann, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Shared Liability for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers,” JAMA, Jan. 22-29, 2003

22. S. Metcalfe, W. McNee, and P. Moodie, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising–Yes It Can Compromise Patient Health,” New Zealand Medical Journal, Sep. 12, 2003

23. L.G. Millstein, “Prescription Drug Advertising: Is It a Driving Force on Drug Pricing?,” North Carolina Medical Journal, Nov.-Dec. 2003

24. B. Mintzes, M.L. Barer, R.L. Kravitz, K. Bassett, J. Lexchin, A. Kazanjian, R.G. Evans, R. Pan, and S.A. Marion, “How Does Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) Affect Prescribing? A Survey in Primary Care Environments with and without Legal DTCA,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Sep. 2, 2003

25. M. Mitka, “Survey Suggesting That Prescription Drug Ads Help Public Is Met with Skepticism,” JAMA, Feb. 19, 2003

26. S. Morgan, B. Mintzes, and M. Barer, “The Economics of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription-Only Drugs: Prescribed to Improve Consumer welfare?,” Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, Oct. 2003

27. E. Murray, B. Lo, L. Pollack, K. Donelan, and K. Lee, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: Physicians’ Views of Its Effects on Quality of Care and the Doctor-Patient Relationship,” Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, Nov.-Dec. 2003

28. J.M. Roth, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Controlled Substances,” American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Jan. 1, 2003

29. B. Saunders, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising—Where Does the Public Interest Lie?,” New Zealand Medical Journal, Aug. 22, 2003

30. S. Shankland, “To DTC or not to DTC? Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Can Seem Like a Prescription for Futility,” Marketing Health Services, Winter 2003

31. B. Sibbald, “Canadian Media Say DTC Pharma Ads the Right Rx,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Oct. 14, 2003

32. D. Spurgeon, “‘Direct to Consumer’ Advertising of Drugs in Canada Could Add Pound 550m to Healthcare Costs,” BMJ, Sep. 2003

33. L. Toop, D. Richards, and T. Dowell T, “The Leadership Role of General Practice in Public Health: Advocating a Ban of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs in New Zealand ‘Possums in the Headlights?’,” British Journal of General Practice, Apr. 2003

34. L. Toop, D. Richards, and B. Saunders B,” New Zealand Deserves Better Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of Prescription Medicines in New Zealand: For Health or for Profit?,” New Zealand Medical Journal, Aug. 22, 2003

35. P.H. Viale, “What Nurse Practitioners Should Know about Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medications,” Journal of the American Academy of Nurses, July 2003

36. R.J. Vogel, S. Ramachandran, and W.M. Zachry, “A 3-Stage Model for Assessing the Probable Economic Effects of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceuticals,” Clinical Therapeutics, Jan. 2003

37. R. Watson, “EU Health Ministers Reject Proposal for Limited Direct to Consumer Advertising,” BMJ, June 14, 2003

38. L.J. Weber and M.G. Bissell, “Case Studies in Ethics DAT and DTC Advertising,” Clinical Leadership & Management Review, Nov.-Dec. 2003

39. J.S. Weissman, D. Blumenthal, A.J. Silk, K. Zapert, M. Newman, and R. Leitman, “Consumers’ Reports on the Health Effects of Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising,” Health Affairs, Jan.-June 2003

40. D. Young, “FDA Examines Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Data,” American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Dec. 1, 2003

41. D. Young, “Report Criticizes FDA’s Oversight of DTC Ads,” American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Jan. 15, 2003

42. Zachry WM 3rd, Dalen JE, Jackson TR, “Clinicians’ Responses to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medications,” Archives of Internal Medicine, Aug. 11-25, 2003

2. S.D. Allison-Ottey, K. Ruffin, and K.B. Allison, “‘To Do No Harm; Survey of NMA Physicians Regarding Perceptions on DTC Advertisements National Medical Association,” Journal of the National Medical Association, Apr. 2002

3. S.N. Bonaccorso and J.L. Sturchio, “For and against: Direct to Consumer Advertising Is Medicalising Normal Human Experience: Against,” BMJ, Apr. 13, 2002

4. L.G. Curtis, “Coming to Terms with Direct-to-Consumer Advertising,” Journal of the American Academy of Physicians, Jan. 2002

5. F.R. Curtiss, “Direct-to-Patient (DTPA) and Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of Prescription Drugs,” Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy, Nov.-Dec. 2002

6. J.E. Ehrlich, J.A. Rumberger, and A.G. Wasserman, “Direct-to-Consumer Marketing,” New England Journal of Medicine, June 20, 2002

7. “Europe on the Brink of Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising,” Lancet, May 18, 2002

8. S. Findlay, “Do Ads Really Drive Pharmaceutical Sales? The True Effects of DTC Advertising Remain a Mystery,” Marketing Health Services, Spring 2002

9. L. Fintor, “Direct-to-Consumer Marketing: How Has It Fared?,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Mar. 6, 2002

10. A. Gulfo, “DTC (Direct-to-Consumer): A Powerful Tool for Information, Education,” Managed Care, Feb. 2002

11. P. Hjemdahl, “[Strong Lobbying for Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: Beneficial for the Patient or for the Increase of Sales?],” Lakartidningen, May 23, 2002

12. M. Hochhauser, “Which Prescription for the Illegible and Unreadable DTC (Direct-to-Consumer) Brief Summary—Major Surgery or Euthanasia?,” Managed Care Quarterly, Summer 2002

13. A.F. Holmer, “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising—Strengthening Our Health Care System,” New England Journal of Medicine, Feb. 14, 2002

14. J.W. Hurst, “Direct-to-Consumer Marketing,” New England Journal of Medicine, June 20, 2002

15. D.W. Kemper and M. Mettler, “A Consumer-Empowered Response to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs,” Managed Care Quarterly, Spring 2002

16. M. Korcok, “DTC Ads in US Having Huge Impact on Drug Sales,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Aug. 6, 2002

17. A. Lyles, “Direct Marketing of Pharmaceuticals to Consumers,” Annual Review of Public Health, 2002

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19. B. Mintzes, “For and against: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Is Medicalizing Normal Human Experience: For,” BMJ, Apr. 13, 2002

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